In this tutorial, we’ll learn how to change the ESP32’s IP address. We’ll need to make a few changes to the network where your board is linked to make the IP address of the ESP32 static. When using ESP32 to build a web server, we always use an IP address to connect to it. However, every time we restart or reboot the ESP32, it is possible that we may receive a new IP address. The ESP32 board is normally assigned a new IP address by the WiFi network. As a result, we can give our board a fixed or static IP address.
Table of contents
ESP32 Static IP Address Sketch
We’ll use the ESP32 Web Server code as an example to know how to fix your ESP32 IP address. Regardless of the webserver or Wi-Fi project, you’re working on, by the end of our talk, you should be able to fix your IP address.
Copy and paste the code below into your Arduino IDE, but don’t upload it just yet. To make it work for you, you’ll need to make some adjustments.
Note that if you upload the next sketch to your ESP32 board, the fixed IP address 192.168.1.184 should be assigned automatically.
CODE
// Load Wi-Fi library
#include <WiFi.h>
// Replace with your network credentials
const char* ssid = "REPLACE_WITH_YOUR_SSID";
const char* password = "REPLACE_WITH_YOUR_PASSWORD";
// Set web server port number to 80
WiFiServer server(80);
// Variable to store the HTTP request
String header;
// Auxiliar variables to store the current output state
String output26State = "off";
String output27State = "off";
// Assign output variables to GPIO pins
const int output26 = 26;
const int output27 = 27;
// Set your Static IP address
IPAddress local_IP(192, 168, 1, 184);
// Set your Gateway IP address
IPAddress gateway(192, 168, 1, 1);
IPAddress subnet(255, 255, 0, 0);
IPAddress primaryDNS(8, 8, 8, 8); //optional
IPAddress secondaryDNS(8, 8, 4, 4); //optional
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
// Initialize the output variables as outputs
pinMode(output26, OUTPUT);
pinMode(output27, OUTPUT);
// Set outputs to LOW
digitalWrite(output26, LOW);
digitalWrite(output27, LOW);
// Configures static IP address
if (!WiFi.config(local_IP, gateway, subnet, primaryDNS, secondaryDNS)) {
Serial.println("STA Failed to configure");
}
// Connect to Wi-Fi network with SSID and password
Serial.print("Connecting to ");
Serial.println(ssid);
WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
delay(500);
Serial.print(".");
}
// Print local IP address and start web server
Serial.println("");
Serial.println("WiFi connected.");
Serial.println("IP address: ");
Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
server.begin();
}
void loop(){
WiFiClient client = server.available(); // Listen for incoming clients
if (client) { // If a new client connects,
Serial.println("New Client."); // print a message out in the serial port
String currentLine = ""; // make a String to hold incoming data from the client
while (client.connected()) { // loop while the client's connected
if (client.available()) { // if there's bytes to read from the client,
char c = client.read(); // read a byte, then
Serial.write(c); // print it out the serial monitor
header += c;
if (c == '\n') { // if the byte is a newline character
// if the current line is blank, you got two newline characters in a row.
// that's the end of the client HTTP request, so send a response:
if (currentLine.length() == 0) {
// HTTP headers always start with a response code (e.g. HTTP/1.1 200 OK)
// and a content-type so the client knows what's coming, then a blank line:
client.println("HTTP/1.1 200 OK");
client.println("Content-type:text/html");
client.println("Connection: close");
client.println();
// turns the GPIOs on and off
if (header.indexOf("GET /26/on") >= 0) {
Serial.println("GPIO 26 on");
output26State = "on";
digitalWrite(output26, HIGH);
} else if (header.indexOf("GET /26/off") >= 0) {
Serial.println("GPIO 26 off");
output26State = "off";
digitalWrite(output26, LOW);
} else if (header.indexOf("GET /27/on") >= 0) {
Serial.println("GPIO 27 on");
output27State = "on";
digitalWrite(output27, HIGH);
} else if (header.indexOf("GET /27/off") >= 0) {
Serial.println("GPIO 27 off");
output27State = "off";
digitalWrite(output27, LOW);
}
// Display the HTML web page
client.println("<!DOCTYPE html><html>");
client.println("<head><meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1\">");
client.println("<link rel=\"icon\" href=\"data:,\">");
// CSS to style the on/off buttons
// Feel free to change the background-color and font-size attributes to fit your preferences
client.println("<style>html { font-family: Helvetica; display: inline-block; margin: 0px auto; text-align: center;}");
client.println(".button { background-color: #4CAF50; border: none; color: white; padding: 16px 40px;");
client.println("text-decoration: none; font-size: 30px; margin: 2px; cursor: pointer;}");
client.println(".button2 {background-color: #555555;}</style></head>");
// Web Page Heading
client.println("<body><h1>ESP32 Web Server</h1>");
// Display current state, and ON/OFF buttons for GPIO 26
client.println("<p>GPIO 26 - State " + output26State + "</p>");
// If the output26State is off, it displays the ON button
if (output26State=="off") {
client.println("<p><a href=\"/26/on\"><button class=\"button\">ON</button></a></p>");
} else {
client.println("<p><a href=\"/26/off\"><button class=\"button button2\">OFF</button></a></p>");
}
// Display current state, and ON/OFF buttons for GPIO 27
client.println("<p>GPIO 27 - State " + output27State + "</p>");
// If the output27State is off, it displays the ON button
if (output27State=="off") {
client.println("<p><a href=\"/27/on\"><button class=\"button\">ON</button></a></p>");
} else {
client.println("<p><a href=\"/27/off\"><button class=\"button button2\">OFF</button></a></p>");
}
client.println("</body></html>");
// The HTTP response ends with another blank line
client.println();
// Break out of the while loop
break;
} else { // if you got a newline, then clear currentLine
currentLine = "";
}
} else if (c != '\r') { // if you got anything else but a carriage return character,
currentLine += c; // add it to the end of the currentLine
}
}
}
// Clear the header variable
header = "";
// Close the connection
client.stop();
Serial.println("Client disconnected.");
Serial.println("");
}
}
HOW CODE WORKS
Setting Your Network Credentials
You need to modify the following lines with your network credentials: SSID and password.
// Replace with your network credentials
const char* ssid = "REPLACE_WITH_YOUR_SSID";
const char* password = "REPLACE_WITH_YOUR_PASSWORD";
Setting your Static IP Address
Then, outside the setup() and loop() functions, you define the following variables with your own static IP address and corresponding gateway IP address.
By default, the next code assigns the IP address 192.168.1.184 that works in the gateway 192.168.1.1.
// Set your Static IP address
IPAddress local_IP(192, 168, 1, 184);
// Set your Gateway IP address
IPAddress gateway(192, 168, 1, 1);
IPAddress subnet(255, 255, 0, 0);
IPAddress primaryDNS(8, 8, 8, 8); // optional
IPAddress secondaryDNS(8, 8, 4, 4); // optional
Important: you need to use an available IP address in your local network and the corresponding gateway.
setup()
In the setup() you need to call the WiFi.config() method to assign the configurations to your ESP32.
// Configures static IP address
if (!WiFi.config(local_IP, gateway, subnet, primaryDNS, secondaryDNS)) {
Serial.println("STA Failed to configure");
}
TESTING
After uploading the code to your board, open the Arduino IDE Serial Monitor at 115200 baud rate, restart your ESP32 board, and the IP address you specified previously should be allocated to it.
Assigning IP Address with MAC Address
If the prior method of assigning a fixed IP address to the ESP32 did not work, we recommend assigning an IP address directly in your router settings using the ESP32 MAC Address.
Please enter your network credentials (SSID and password). Then, on your ESP32, upload the following code:
CODE
// Load Wi-Fi library
#include <WiFi.h>
// Replace with your network credentials
const char* ssid = "REPLACE_WITH_YOUR_SSID";
const char* password = "REPLACE_WITH_YOUR_PASSWORD";
// Set web server port number to 80
WiFiServer server(80);
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
// Connect to Wi-Fi network with SSID and password
Serial.print("Connecting to ");
Serial.println(ssid);
WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
delay(500);
Serial.print(".");
}
// Print local IP address and start web server
Serial.println("");
Serial.println("WiFi connected.");
Serial.println("IP address: ");
Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
server.begin();
// Print ESP MAC Address
Serial.println("MAC address: ");
Serial.println(WiFi.macAddress());
}
void loop() {
// put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
}
In the setup(), after connecting to your network, it prints the ESP32 MAC Address in the Serial Monitor:
// Print ESP MAC Address
Serial.println("MAC address: ");
Serial.println(WiFi.macAddress());
In our case, the ESP32 MAC Address is B4:E6:2D:97:EE:F1. Copy the MAC Address, because you’ll need it in just a moment.
ROUTER SETTINGS
You should be able to assign an IP address to a network device after logging into your router’s admin page. Each router has its own set of menus and settings. As a result, we won’t be able to provide instructions for all routers.
Googling “assign IP address to MAC address” followed by your router’s name is a good place to start. You should be able to locate instructions for assigning an IP address to a MAC address for your individual router. In summary, you should be able to assign your preferred IP address to your ESP32 MAC address by going to the router options menu (for example B4:E6:2D:97:EE:F1).
CONCLUSION
You should be able to assign a fixed/static IP address to your ESP32 after following this instruction.
You can also check on:
- ESP8266 Interrupts and Timers
- ESP32 CAM Video Streaming Web Server
- ESP32-CAM Take Photo and Display in Web Server
